Russia is a vast country spanning two continents, from the southwestern coast of the Black Sea to the northeastern shore of the Pacific Ocean. Its vast and varied geography includes vast forests and tundra in Siberia, as well as a series of mountain ranges along its southern borders.

The Russian capital, Moscow, serves as the cultural and political heart of the nation. Visit the unrivaled Hermitage Museum to marvel at its seemingly endless collection of treasures, and take a day trip to explore the royal estates of Petrodvorets and Tsarskoe Selo. Trace the roots of the Russian nation to Veliky Novgorod, or discover pristine beaches in Kaliningrad, a former East Prussian city that’s now part of Russia.

The vast and varied terrain of Russia is dominated by two climatic zones: the European lowland of the West Siberian Plain and the Siberian Upland with its forest, swamps, and Arctic tundra. The region also has numerous mountain ranges, including the Ural Mountains, which form a natural boundary between Europe and Asia.

It’s possible to tour the country by train, and many of the most popular destinations are reached this way. Traveling by train is a great way to get a feel for the expansive and beautiful landscapes of Russia, and it’s often a good choice for those with limited time. The Trans-Siberian Railway connects most of the major cities in Russia, and it’s a fantastic experience that takes travelers to the far reaches of the nation.

Bus service is also a viable option for traveling to Russia, although it will likely be significantly less comfortable than trains and will require more planning and coordination. In addition, most bus routes are not directly to the center of the country, meaning additional stops will be required.

Regardless of the method of transportation chosen, it’s recommended that visitors carry at least some cash, as credit cards are not widely accepted in Russia. Additionally, visitors should make sure that they have a valid passport and visa for the country in which they intend to travel. Visa requirements vary depending on nationality, and it’s always best to check with the embassy or consulate of Russia for the most up-to-date information.

While the Russian people tend to be very friendly, they are also known for their stoic reserve and caution. This is especially true when it comes to personal space, as the majority of the population is accustomed to keeping to themselves and not approaching strangers. However, it’s still a good idea to be polite and introduce yourself when meeting someone for the first time.

Russians are often seen wearing a bit of sartorial flair, particularly when visiting a posh lunch-spot or theater, and it’s a good idea for visitors to do likewise. While high heels and skirts are not necessary, a little bit of effort goes a long way in terms of fitting in with local culture. Similarly, smart attire is recommended for visiting religious sites.